For instance, phenotypic analysis of exosomes from the plasma of 276 NSCLC patients revealed that exosomal membrane-bound proteins, such as EGFR, NY-ESO-1, ALIX, PLAP and EPCAM, are significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in patients, suggesting that exosomal membrane-bound proteins can be used as prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC (Sandfeld-Paulsen et al., 2016). The gene discussed is PDCD6IP; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.