MMP2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Additionally, exosomes derived from NSCLC cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF-β) contain high levels of lnc-MMP2-2. This lncRNA stimulates MMP2 expression, positively correlating with tumor cell invasiveness and vascular permeability, further promoting metastasis (Wu et al., 2018; Valadi et al., 2007; Liao et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2016).