In the current literature on the upstream activation proteins of AMPK and PPARα, it is well-established that adiponectin binds to adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and exerts anti-lipid effects in obesity via activation of AMPK and PPARα pathways, respectively [47]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.