CAST and hepatocellular carcinoma: Notably, while endogenous CAST expression is low in WT HCC-1954 cells, CAST was robustly upregulated in TXNIP-OE HCC-1954 cells, indicating a potential negative feedback mechanism in which elevated CAST levels might counteract TXNIP’s antitumor activity in TXNIP-OE HCC-1954 cells.