The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy clearly show the significant influence that genetic factors have on the progression and management of LC.[109] Several studies have documented how the expression levels of certain genes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), change over the course of LC.[110,111] However, these genetic factors have never been explicitly modeled in NHMs. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.