SDC1 and Ataxia: It is important to note that the presence of CD138+ cells in the CSF was not observed across the whole cohort but only seen in patients with a long disease duration and no adherence to GFD at the time the CSF sample was collected: the first patient was diagnosed with CD 10 years before but was not adhering to the GFD and the second case had a history of slowly progressive ataxia for 20 years before being diagnosed with GA.