The study enrolled 12,301 participants with either established atherosclerosis or high-risk diabetes, but no prior myocardial infarction or stroke with a baseline LDL cholesterol ≥ 90 mg/dL, non-HDL cholesterol ≥ 120 mg/dL, or apolipoprotein B ≥ 80 mg/dL, on optimized lipid-lowering therapy. The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is atherosclerosis.