HIF1A and steatosis: Early high-fat diets upregulate HIF-1α expression in the liver, improving hepatic lipid metabolism and indirectly delaying AS, which was confirmed by many experiments showing that hepatocyte-specific defects in HIF-1α led to more severe hepatocellular steatosis and lipid accumulation (He et al., 2021; Arai et al., 2018; Nishiyama et al., 2012; Yoo et al., 2014), but promoted liver fibrosis development (Han et al., 2019; Mesarwi et al., 2016).