Ding et al. utilized a photosensitizer (TBE) mediated PDT to cause mitochondrial damage in tumor cells, releasing DNA fragments, enhancing the cGAS-STING pathway, and promoting CASP-3 activation mediated cell pyroptosis; concurrently, using the STING agonist (Decitabine) to restore the expression of GSDME and STING, overcoming the limitations of PDT-mediated pyroptosis.75 Zhao et al. co-encapsulated indocyanine green (ICG) and decitabine, mediated a PTT effect after low-dose light activation, inducing CASP-3 activation. Here, CASP3 is linked to neoplasm.