Since ac4C modification can improve mRNA stability, the 11 candidate genes which had higher level of ac4C modification and mRNA expression in ccRCC tissues were examined, and the results showed that only the NFE2L3 mRNA levels decreased in 786-O cells and A498 cells after NAT10 knockdown (Fig. 5e; Supplementary Fig. S2b). The gene discussed is NFE2L3; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.