Furthermore, mutations in genes likeSOD1 and C9orf72, associated with fALS cases, have been shown toinduce astrocyte dysfunction, exacerbating disease progression.229−231 Reactive astrocytes in HD exhibit altered morphology and dysregulatedfunction, including impaired glutamate uptake and disrupted calciumsignaling.232−234 Dysfunction of astrocytes contributes toexcitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction in HD.Additionally, astrocytes expressing mHTT can release toxic factors,exacerbating neuronal damage and disease progression.235−237. The gene discussed is C9orf72; the disease is Huntington disease.