SPP1 and Alzheimer disease: A number of intracellular signaling pathways are involved in regulating BMSC fate to AD including ECM-Integrin, BMP, Wnt, Hedgehogs, Notch, and FGFs signaling as well as PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling.31–33 We observed that KIAA1199 effects on AD differentiation were associated with changes in P-AKT and P-ERK signaling downstream of its effects of OPN/integrin signaling.