LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: Furthermore, conditioned medium from LRRK2-inhibited microglia conferred neuroprotective effects on cultured neurons, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting LRRK2 in microglia.Importantly, these in vitro findings were corroborated in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model, where LRRK2 inhibition led to diminished microglial activation, decreased apoptosis of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and upregulation of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.Our study fills a critical gap in understanding the microglial mechanisms mediated by LRRK2 and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of PD.