IL1B and Parkinson disease: Through this physiologically relevant framework, we achieve a closer approximation of PD’s underlying neuroinflammatory processes, enabling more accurate investigations into disease progression and potential therapeutic interventions.In our study, we observed upregulated expression of the microglial activation marker CD40 in α-syn-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, accompanied by significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, indicating successful activation of BV2 microglia by α-syn.