Biologically, MICU1 regulates the level of mitochondrial Ca2+, the overload of which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated mROS, and bioenergetic disorders (reduced ATP production), culminating in multiple cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (7, 8, 35, 36). The gene discussed is MICU1; the disease is myocardial ischemia.