TLR4 and Hepatic fibrosis: Another study has shown that the gut microbiome can maintain intestinal immune homeostasis by altering Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) DNA methylation in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), achieved through DNMT3 recruitment, a mechanism crucial to hepatic fibrosis and steatosis progression (Narabayashi et al., 2022).