A number of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and TGF-β1 are linked to kidney injury and fibrosis in patients with LN and in patients exposed to CNIs (19–21). This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and lobular neoplasia.