Cheng et al. (99) conducted a study on 18 human cardiac tissue samples and found that, compared to patients without a history of heart disease, DCM patients exhibited ASC speck formation in cardiomyocytes, along with elevated protein expression of caspase-1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Here, CASP1 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.