Regarding this effect, the following mechanisms are involved, including inhibiting insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (Wang et al., 2019), inhibiting mammalian target rapamycin complex I (MTORC1), inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB) (Li et al., 2020), and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is cancer.