Xiaoyao Powder decreases GSK-3β expression in AD mouse models, thereby inhibiting Tau hyperphosphorylation (Wei-Xian et al., 2014).Litchi seed polyphenols, derived from litchi seeds, have been reported by Rui Xiong et al. to inhibit the expression of P-IRS-1 (Ser612) in AD cell models, restore the expression of P-PI3K (Tyr199/Tyr458), P-AKT (Thr308), and P-GSK-3β (Ser9), and ultimately suppress Tau hyperphosphorylation (Xiong et al., 2020). Here, IRS1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.