IRS1 and metabolic syndrome: As depicted in Figure 7, compared to the CTRL group, the MetS group showed significant increases in NFκB activity (p < 0.0001), TNF-α (p < 0.0001), IL-6 (p < 0.0001), TGF-β1 (p < 0.0001), TIMP-1 (p < 0.0001), hydroxyproline (p < 0.0001), Nrf2 level (p < 0.01) and activity (p < 0.001), and HO-1 (p < 0.01) along with decreased SIRT1 level (p < 0.0001) and activity (p < 0.0001), IRS-1 (p < 0.0001), and p-Ser473 AKT (p < 0.001).