TNF and infection: Additionally mice infected with WT parasites showed local and systemic spikes in IL-10, TNF-α, IL-18, IL-6, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, G-CSF, and CXCL10 just prior to succumbing to infection, consistent with prior observations (17) and indicative of an agonal overinduction of proinflammatory cytokine activity (55, 56).