However, the strong resemblance of the CTL-tolerant persister transcriptome to an antigenic cell state recently observed in responding human melanoma tumors treated with immunotherapy (Figure 3A–E), enrichment for the persister marker ATF3 in immune-mediated regressed human and mouse tumors (Figure 3G–J), and the observation that immune stress induces sublethal caspase activity within intact human melanoma tissue (Figure 3K) support the in vivo relevance of our findings. Here, ATF3 is linked to melanoma.