In females, one X chromosome is silenced at random to equalize dosage between males and females.50 The silencing is not complete; up to a third of genes escape inactivation, which can result in increased expression in females.51, 52 40 of our significant female-specific genes have been previously reported to be X-inactivation escapees, such as TSPAN653 and SEPTIN6,54, 55 which have also been implicated in AD (Supplementary Table 8). This evidence concerns the gene SEPTIN6 and Alzheimer disease.