Indeed, the assessment of subcellular energetics by measuring ATP in chemotactic (FBS) pseudopodia (Pd) and cell bodies (CB), using transwell-like cell culture inserts77, revealed higher levels of ATP, p-AMPK, ATP synthase, TFAM, activated FAK, and c-Src in Pd compared to CB of spheres treated with tumor TSC-null EV (Fig. 4H and 4I), suggesting EV mediated shuttling of ATP synthesis to Pd. Here, TFAM is linked to neoplasm.