A key distinction between the studies that could account for difference in distribution of Tem vs. Temra was that our study delineated C. trachomatis-specific IFN-γ-producing memory subpopulations vs. those not producing C. trachomatis-specific IFN-γ and all women in our study had chlamydial infection about 3 months prior (when enrolled), and thus IFN-γ responses we measured likely reflected an adaptive C. trachomatis-specific response. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and chlamydia trachomatis infectious disease.