Additionally, Li’s research on MPTP-induced PD mouse models and MPP+-induced PD MN9D cell models utilizing miR-188-3p-modified adipose-derived MSC exosomes revealed that miR-188-3p could potentially suppress cell autophagy and inflammasome activity by directly targeting NLRP3 and CDK5, offering a protective effect against PD (Li et al., 2021). Here, CDK5 is linked to Parkinson disease.