In this study, we found that serum NEAT1 and miR-34a were differentially expressed between individuals with severe oligospermia and individuals with non-obstructive azoospermia and healthy controls, indicating that serum NEAT1 and miR-34a are potential novel biomarkers for non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligospermia diagnosis. This evidence concerns the gene NEAT1 and Azoospermia.