Furthermore, the high diagnostic accuracy of miR-34a demonstrated in the present study further substantiates its application as a biomarker for male infertility in severe oligospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia, as well as the possibility of the role of miR-34a via pathways such as the miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway in these conditions. The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is male infertility.