APOE and Alzheimer disease: Additionally, astrocyte-specific processes can play a significant role in AD-related neuroinflammation, namely by producing inflammatory mediators (e.g., chemokines and cytokines), releasing toxic byproducts (e.g., reactive oxygen species and peroxidized lipids), and contributing to key neuropathogenic pathways (e.g., APOE and complement signaling) [41, 42].