NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome activation in microglia is yet another innate immune pathway that can contribute to AD pathology, as increased levels of inflammasome components (e.g., caspase-1, interleukin-1-beta, apoptosis speck-like complexes; ASCs etc.,) have been observed in AD brain tissue, especially in microglia and astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques [33, 34].