This article reviews recent advances in the study of TB-related cytokine gene polymorphisms, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-17, IL-35, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CC chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), CCL2, CCL5, macrophage migration mannose-binding lectin (MBL), macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) (Table 1), aiming to provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of TB. The gene discussed is MIF; the disease is tuberculosis.