TNF and migraine disorder: Several studies have confirmed that gut microbiota can activate peripheral projection neurons, facilitating interactions with the central nervous system through neuroimmune responses,[38] direct vagus nerve activation,[39] and microbiome metabolism.[40] To identify the primary mechanism underlying the lung microbiome–brain interaction, we first collected TNC tissue at 3 and 9 d, representing the early and late stage of migraine and measured the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), Interleukin‐ 6 (IL‐6), and Interleukin‐ 1β (IL‐1β) (Figure4A).