To durably express these cytokines in preclinical glioblastoma models, AAV9 gene therapy vectors encoding Apoa1, Il1b, or Ccl4 were delivered using CED to intracranial SB28 or GL261 in C57BL/6J mice, and the TIME responses analyzed using CyTOF, multiplexed cytokine assays, and histology (Fig. 5b). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and glioblastoma.