Considering the data from preclinical models (Fig. 4, 5) in the context of data from human glioblastomas before and after treatment with ICI (Fig. 1–3), we hypothesized that IL-6 and the IL-6 signaling cascade may drive glioblastoma tumorigenesis and stemness, and that IL-6 blockade may sensitize glioblastomas to ICI. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and glioblastoma.