RIPK1 and Alzheimer disease: Complex voluntary training significantly reduced hippocampal necroptosis-related gene expression, including RIPK1, MLKL, and TNFR1 (p < 0.05), increased CA1 pyramidal cell layer thickness and neuronal density (p < 0.01), and improved spatial memory in AD rats (p < 0.05). However, deficits remained compared to healthy controls, indicating partial but not complete reversal of AD-induced impairments.