Regular swimming exercise (6 days per week, 1 h per day, for 4 weeks) significantly improved cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice (p < 0.05), reduced Aβ and P-Tau expression (p < 0.01), increased synaptic density (p < 0.01) and ATP levels (p < 0.01), and enhanced GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression (p < 0.05), alleviating AD pathology and cognitive impairment by improving energy metabolism and neuroplasticity. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.