MLKL and Parkinson disease: Ghardashi Afousi et al. (2019) showed that HIIT ameliorated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by downregulating RIPK3 and MLKL expression, providing a theoretical framework for exploring HIIT in AD contexts. However, these studies lack direct evidence for AD, limiting their applicability. Additionally, Leem et al. (2024) observed that exercise combined with creatine supplementation reduced α-synuclein aggregation and necroptosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models by downregulating RIPK1 and MLKL.