GPNMB and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: MAP2 may be overexpressed in the CSF of patients with ALS.47 CAPG and GPNMB are associated with inflammation and exhibit increased levels in the CSF and spinal cord tissue of patients with ALS.47 Specifically, increased levels of GPNMB have been associated with a shorter life expectancy and greater disease severity, as assessed by the ALSFRS-R.