IL13 and immune system disorder: The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis primarily revolves around a type 2 immune-mediated reaction (an immune response primarily driven by T-helper 2 (Th2) cells in the inflammatory process), with interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). The cytokines play an important role in atopic dermatitis (AD) by driving inflammation and immune dysfunction.