ALB and Hypoalbuminemia: A study conducted in Thailand identified a dose-response relationship between serum albumin levels and the risk of in-hospital mortality among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, demonstrating that patients with severe hypoalbuminemia (<2.0 mg/dL) had a 2.0-2.5 times higher risk of mortality compared to those with non-severe hypoalbuminemia (≥2.0-3.4 g/dL) [17].