Among the biomarkers indicative of macrophage polarization, compared to non-ARDS patients, a significant increase in IL-10, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and Arginase-1 (Arg-1) were observed in ARDS patients, while Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was decreased. Here, NOS2 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.