revealed that in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)-TME, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) -derived cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1) increased the paracrine secretion of CXCL6 and TGF-β in tumor cells, thereby promoting the infiltration and polarization of TANs (92). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.