VEGFA and heart failure: However, they also give rise to hypertension, which is the mostcommon side-effect and can further lead to arrhythmias, and heart failure [88].The VEGF pathway plays a crucial role in angiogenesis.Nevertheless, blocking the VEGF pathway may result in endothelial dysfunction andrelated cardiovascular complications, such as the occurrence of HFpEF [89].Apatinib (apatinib mesylate) is an anti-cancer drug independently developed byChina and belongs to the TKIs class.