Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) plays a significant role in asthma and COPD, and its upregulation results in the production of mediators such as prostaglandins and further promotes airway inflammation, increasing symptoms of allergic asthma as well as exacerbations of COPD (Bao et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2024). The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.