CALR and malignant colon neoplasm: In 2010, OXP (Fig. 4) was reported to induce ICD in colon cancer cells by causing pre-apoptotic CRT exposure and HMGB1 release, thereby stimulating the antitumour immune response in immunocompetent mice implanted with CT26 tumours.33 In contrast, CDDP was able to efficiently induce HMGB1 release but it failed to trigger CRT exposure and subsequent anticancer immune response.