HMGB1 and cancer: Mechanistically, ICD involves the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cancer cells.38,39,50,51 These DAMPs, including the cell surface translocation of calreticulin (CRT), the extracellular release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and the extracellular secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), augment the immunogenicity of cancer cells and initiate the cancer-immunity cycle.