LMNA and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Numerous studies have indicated that common pathogenic genes associated with DCM – such as TTN (Vissing et al., 2021), LMNA (Le Dour et al., 2022), MYH7 (de Frutos et al., 2022), FLNC (Verdonschot et al., 2020), TNNT2 (Luedde et al., 2010) and ZASP/Cypher (also known as LBD3) (Lv et al., 2021; Vatta et al., 2003; Zheng et al., 2009) – predominantly encode cytoskeletal proteins, nuclear membrane proteins and ion channel proteins.