For instance, peripheral monocytes derived from AD patients exhibit differential expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4), reduced phagocytosis of Aβ, and loss of anti-inflammatory functional pathways (e.g., IL-10) (see Bettcher et al. 2021) for review of peripheral-CNS crosstalk in AD). This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and Alzheimer disease.