eNAMPT/TLR4 activation and sigaling is known to produce the loss of vascular barrier integrity [41], and to induce cellular phenotypic transitions of endothelium [22–24, 59], smooth muscle cells [22, 60], fibroblasts [2, 61], and monocytes/macrophages [62, 63], events that potentially promote vascular remodeling, organ fibrosis and cancer progression. Here, TLR4 is linked to cancer.