In addition, higher infiltrating naïve B cell levels were significantly correlated with higher expression of both programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the tumor mutation burden in patients with non-small cell lung cancer [29], which is consistent with our finding that the DEGs of naïve B cells were mainly enriched in immune-associated pathways, implying that patients with NPC showing high levels of naïve B cell infiltration might benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy [29, 33]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.