Increased levels of these molecules can render prostate cancer cells androgen-independent.20 In an in vitro study on androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC3 treated with WRE at 10 mcg/mL for 24 hours, it was found that WRE can decrease expression of both IL-8 and COX2, hence potentially decreasing cancer invasiveness.21 Similarly, W. somnifera was shown to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B, another important proinflammatory molecule in cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and prostate carcinoma.