AKR1A1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Among the genetic factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes, specifically rs671 and rs1229984, have been shown to significantly influence disease risk, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [3–5].