GDF11 and liver cancer: GDF11 has inhibitory effects on many kinds of tumors, such as liver cancer and breast cancer.[65,66] And GDF11 is also downregulated in pancreatic cancer and other tumors.[25] On the other hand, DGF11 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and uveal melanoma.[67,68] The methylation level of GDF11 in GC decreased significantly, which made the expression of GDF11 signally up-regulated.