GDF15 and metabolic disease: GDF15 can trigger cancer-related cachexia by activating mitogen activated protein kinase 11 (MAP3K11).[43] And GDF15 plays a role in many metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and anorexia.[21] Also, GDF15 participates in the regulation of immune homeostasis by immune activators and plays a role in inflammation, metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diseases.[21] Our research confirmed that GDF15 is highly expressed in GC tissue and inhibits the infiltration of T cells and DC cells which has potential value as tumor prognostic marker.