GDF15 and cancer: Among the GDFs, GDF15 is the most studied in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma,[37] melanoma,[38] colorectal,[39] ovarian,[40] non-small cell lung cancer,[41] gastric,[42] and oral cancers.[42] GDF15 is related to body weight metabolism through GFRAL (GDNF receptor alpha-like) receptor.