CAT and osteoporosis: BJTW can alleviate D-galactose-induced osteoporosis by modulating the levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B. Additionally, BJTW enhances the levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in serum, reduces the content of malondialdehyde in the hippocampal region, and increases the expression of Forkhead O1.