In comparison to commonly used tumor markers (CEA, AUC =  0.589; NSE, AUC =  0.591; CYFRA, AUC =  0.560) (Fig 4C), tsRNA-49:73-Glu-CTC exhibited superior diagnostic value based on random samples from 72 NSCLC patients and 100 healthy individuals collected between April 2023 and July 2024. Here, ENO2 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.