FAT4 and axial length measurement: Next-generation sequencing methods enabled the profiling of mutations in AL and POEMS, and subsequently, consistent mutated genes were observed, which included FAT4, IGLL5, ZFHX3, EP300, DIS3, KLHL6, KMT2B, and KRAS in AL [15–18], and HIST1H1B, POLE, KLHL6, RYR1, and USH2A in POEMS [19,20].