Binary matrix factorization of these mutations revealed the subgroups associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (observed in MM, AL, and POEMS), age at diagnosis (in AL and POEMS), serum differential free light chain (dFLC) levels, plasma cell burden (in AL), and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels (in POEMS). Here, VEGFA is linked to axial length measurement.