TGFB1 and Autoimmunity: In a steady state, CD103+ CD11b+ cDC2 express av-beta-integrin, which activates latent transforming growth factor B (TGFB) and the transcription factor FOXP3, resulting in Treg cell differentiation.73, 81 During inflammation, the CD103+ CD11b+ cDC2 cells secrete IL6, which together with TGFB induces T helper 17 (Th17; a specialized set of T helper cells that secrete IL17) cell differentiation and inhibits FOXP3, thereby preventing autoimmunity (Figure 3B).73, 82